![31 Elevation](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d22e7d4970e075441d4c6cabf0d44543368589c613a5cebf85a989558c7548ea/materialcollective_26.jpg)
![1 Typical Spatial Typology: Fixed spatial typologies force residents to move apartments or buildings to accommodate changing spatial needs.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a11b4468ff0371115b1e0635d21f336bad8f9b650f4c411c56a83e3ffd313ea9/materialcollective_01.jpg)
![2 Limited Material Lifespans: In India, where the average lifespan of an apartment building is 50 years, the lifespans of all the materials that compose the building are cut short.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/dbca37d486f12d0bd235d94c1fe34112736f8435b1cccd998f5725860bba61c8/materialcollective_02.jpg)
![3 New Spatial Typology: Material commoning and flexible spatial boundaries give residents spatial and material agency.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ac8e223ed765713f8fb916274432e53320288d5f4b453c525314a0f7d39cf264/materialcollective_03.jpg)
![4 Cycles of Change: Elements ranging from furniture to entire wall and floor systems can be rearranged to accommodate family sizes, seasonal changes, and social activities.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/00a44f4ec9c2885346f9aaeb86039638af27ae9981cbc83cf7b14c5bce5e5855/materialcollective_04.jpg)
![5 Concept Sketch](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1cd0bb79b679a80aed99d804ad6d64d6c9e01f748cbabaf4f44e97b666a6772f/materialcollective_05.jpg)
![6 Socio-material Organization: By continuously renewing more ephemeral spatial and material elements of the building, the building can live out the 150-year life span of its structural frame.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/508758460ddb27b33f03bf4d9efa56937d2a580003fe36a3f2b67f8df113a0fc/materialcollective_06.jpg)
![7 Early Concept Model 1:200](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2c0c0642663298f7e576c97fcc3c668c15097d175a4f549602b33cb73a314157/materialcollective_07.jpg)
![8 Early Concept Model 1:200](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4e7d867ab87bdcdba3820b6a136caaa484ff7a935172627fa6fb82fc27afd161/materialcollective_09.jpg)
![9 Early Concept Model 1:50](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/89609f5e6a6a933c3dd71b7437330c11cafe218bd96538137c03fe7e81abf412/materialcollective_10.jpg)
![10 Early Concept Model 1:50](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ce1f1a47d509a10e297f4ad885341d551579635a54d1f15f6865ab25578ea163/materialcollective_11.jpg)
![11 Early Concept Model 1:50](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/076a1b13b621fe5ed52c9a38e1bdc48cc18c8fabd477283f212f958a5a3d6932/materialcollective_12.jpg)
![12 Site Plan: The building is located at the intersection of the Line of Goodwill’s public ramp and Crown road, a circular path for material flow through Auroville.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d054e3f13a9e2f1c9d2965847aacfeaa1e234cc790ecc407dee0902278f6d7cb/materialcollective_13.jpg)
![13 Plan Step 1: Site Vectors](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/411bd13081095d237a78d325456baef0881a34e5336f12ca9ce7a2533ca74b5a/materialcollective_14.jpg)
![14 Plan Step 2: Ramp Connectors](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a14c33ddd63b5a9116ff0d1d809b860c536c1f9e734088fef679dd7820426969/materialcollective_15.jpg)
![15 Plan Step 3: Infrastructural Cores](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d6b6ee2dc17ebe3475caf0bb22db6cc493125000b9cd24bfa39c938aed4a7c3f/materialcollective_16.jpg)
![16 Plan Step 4: Infrastructural Grid](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/313c45b722b48d3b3f21ab3e03db53884da86c8ad81e3370bdaa7f05cf09ba3c/materialcollective_17.jpg)
![17 Plan Step 5: Residential Infill](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e4f9c5ae7aacea0a3e5cdb105c66c691424d19abd8ce7ba1800fd114ee414f9c/materialcollective_18.jpg)
![18 Plan Step 6: Envelope](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e954d5eb1207f5fe96d749bb9206f56d2fa582fd1779c27de6726fa2eaeda314/materialcollective_19.jpg)
![19 Plan Step 7: Social Space](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/775575d0e6d83064085a3000372fdaeb3285b47f8c39fd520ad43d9e2f1601db/materialcollective_20.jpg)
![20 Plan](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/fdf54677a2b67c7e4e85fbdbb7990ad3c879a9d8112ee6d2d7659703ebb33853/materialcollective_21.jpg)
![21 Infrastructure: Cores, Floors, and Roof](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1d016fb0f0d606ef07df00738f9f182587288c5db473f8baa736bf81c2298ff5/materialcollective_22.jpg)
![22 Infrastructure: Timber Grid](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0e7455a4be0d13e6b3b0918e828a6d90503ddf4baa7faf28ce70c46a1e6788cc/materialcollective_23.jpg)
![23 Infill: Residential Enclosure](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c9c6de84c14ccd91308f3019d6261eba1a17e60adcba0e144cf09bf17bb529de/materialcollective_24.jpg)
![24 Infill: Density Over Time](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9e61952cf5cc11c41033b424a677fbffcb4bf00ea7c0cf5ad8e7616e8abf4c3c/materialcollective_25.jpg)
![25: Interior View: Event Space](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/12af5e3b50d4c3750e343e34ac79ee2ebb8e7c91471db89b0e8b00069e0d4073/materialcollective_29.jpg)
![26 Interior View: Balconies](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/db96fb23ad1340e87f4102e4ab070f4c512cb06812b69429b22791e5e5eef4c8/materialcollective_28.jpg)
![27 Section Perspective](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/57844274397419fad11efb303cb2a9b657680bef0d7ecc391fc29a17bacd5070/materialcollective_27.jpg)
![28 Material Workshop Plan](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5431c9daf6f2d7251e1e2a4f6678a079a07dfd4ebb3d734ea6ccd3aea9d3dbb4/materialcollective_30.jpg)
![29 Typical Floor Plan Condition 1](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2ab0248722f2b9dcc54e9cefcddbb1deaea7eaaa250d6d40c4579481209258e4/materialcollective_32.jpg)
![30 Typical Floor Plan Condition 2](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4bebc39f0ad55e32e6f2c596e38cb47ad88a2e30d2bc2ed97f3223152f879670/materialcollective_31.jpg)
Commodified housing relies on an individual ownership model with fixed spatial and material boundaries. Static material boundaries tie all elements of a building to a single, market-driven lifespan and limit the material agency of future residents. Alternatively, this co-housing prototype seeks to extend material lifespans through circular use and promote flexible boundaries that eliminate permanent, private ownership of units. Through material commoning, this proposal restores occupants’ material agency and allows the building to be continuously renewed. An on-site material bank and workshop facilitates a community of craftsmen that experiment with flexible construction methods, primarily using continuously recycled wood products.
Through this material changeability,
the boundaries of individual units and shared spaces are regularly redefined within a fixed logic of modularity, structure, and systems.
Elements ranging from furniture to entire wall systems can be moved to
accommodate seasonal changes, growing families, or social activities.
While the entire community shares material bank resources, clusters of
neighbors share cooking and bathing spaces. The community is organized
around a central public event atrium, which also acts as a connection point
between two Line of Goodwill pathways. The collective aspects of the prototype extend beyond its residents.
As Auroville grows, the city can look to the work done in this prototypical
community for new building construction concepts that promote sustainability, longevity, and co-ownership.
In collaboration with Andrew Economos Miller.
Designing Waste Culture Zero Waste Action Plan, New York City
![1 Local Sanitation District Ground Force](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/eba66f98bd325300ad0a25c3de3dc014372aea8e004bed9fcb985f854bd711b7/designingwasteculture_1.jpg)
![2 Local Sanitation District Ground Force](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4fcb59119db850e59fc5520f0d5e0d69bc4bfceaaf5507b79b76758f9933491e/designingwasteculture_3.jpg)
![3 Local Sanitation District Ground Force](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ebb6c0a7a5af72619507eb2e01cb63293c06bd9f15140c820586fd4c9dee4a53/designingwasteculture_2.jpg)
![4 Current Districts: DSNY & unregulated private carters collect waste and bring it to transfer stations, where it is shipped across the country or internationally.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d0b67a4417d790d9ca2146c872e34380bb89fc6e932b39b0792e3543cb4763b8/designingwasteculture_4.jpg)
![5 Redistricting Scheme A: Private carters are regulated and assigned districts for collection. DSNY workers manage transfer stations and can focus their energy on more thoroughly sorting trash before it ships.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9b0ed7e25452d43572656c4b0cfe82fcf0280ad9a127c481ec83d1423c756f6d/designingwasteculture_5.jpg)
![6 Redistricting Scheme B: District sizes are reduced by 50%. Each district is assigned a DSNY crew and a private carter. Private carters must comply with safety and environmental regulations and bid for districts.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/418c5778dec2523b0c3414dbf97353789c73404f6eb4bcc084adeeede096dc9b/designingwasteculture_6.jpg)
![7 Redistricting Scheme C: Districts are significantly reduced and localized based on average population. Private carters are fully absorbed into the DSNY system. Each district has its own crew and manages its own waste.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/dbba7a728bb14a7dab01f969183e63f367f5b73908eb9f910ef25e322ce1ea91/designingwasteculture_7.jpg)
![8 Four Phases to Localized Waste](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c8aeb2193b1a2712cbf8d442152964ed12876f2cb91db01904d3e9a12b2bd94b/WastePhases2.jpg)
![9 Four Phases to Localized Waste](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/db78e5e886b8b9cffae15e809d11b63fb391c29ce7c28f6dd0a086bc1f9d393a/designingwasteculture_text.jpg)
![10 Phased transformation of a portion of District 11 into a local waste district organized around the Marx Brothers Park.](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8180f1cb95b1eeb6897a2c2be0699fbe6d5d4f50687057eb6b83331f669d4542/designingwasteculture_17.jpg)
![11 Compost](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/37d300dd88c828144033124cc50b7bb2c665302b305b7cc8f38262475946a40a/designingwasteculture_8.jpg)
![12 Vegetation Maintenance](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3cb82856d997e706376a320f46c61202e98bc812664123ae3c1984cfef319b35/designingwasteculture_9.jpg)
![13 Recycling: Makerspaces](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/79f26b14453c62db7c0edd45d186f13178dafbe519155df24661bb150e5deee8/designingwasteculture_10.jpg)
![14 Recycling: District Resource and Information Sheds](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/27c9ca8a98615f0e358779d4b1f4d564723456ecd465ec205d9efefe94cadcf8/designingwasteculture_11.jpg)
![15 Waste](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5d049e1c53631b2d0b5cf508d0e412d846fd5e411b4335998dfc09bbf4fb8628/designingwasteculture_12.jpg)
![16 Before: Commercial waste waiting for pickup by private carters](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1bdc148856118eab3c9bcda0be9b4a37d0c81b6a8f95f1a51cbcf0888a738a7c/designingwasteculture_13.jpg)
![17 After](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/17e24a94521d88e3ae147dab3000b459418341aa2dd719d550edc3bdc7431028/designingwasteculture_14.jpg)
![18 Before: Waste train heading out of state](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bd40e47157c4d2527baa92105e23e7e238d99b24ab294e5b07682c3dcc35acb2/designingwasteculture_15.jpg)
![19 After](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3fe6a71f82889f29ef58e2d271f15dad3d0982e5fb15fa766bda5303339659b6/designingwasteculture_16.jpg)
![20 Infrastructural uses for compacted waste](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/35aabd352da5b23f8c37af7cd27aa9f98207f2e2ca67e375f23f1273e0386c97/designingwasteculture_18.jpg)
![21 Infrastructural uses for compacted waste](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5d0f23a2c142d1b7fb25dd89a8515ff0af9cd37575b5f770801efe59d629a815/designingwasteculture_19.jpg)
![22 Individual Action Plan for district residents](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6be5d6ab206fd5620ac0f141e2d035d3756405952ad95cb9e77d218d912d240f/designingwasteculture_22.jpg)
![23 Reassessment of NYC's Zero Waste Guidelines](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2e531781853e56de33b563e83a1d1e4a935dd42f61b2d2fae8c4bcb485b4a568/designingwasteculture_21.jpg)
Currently, the New York Department of Sanitation (DSNY) collects 12,552 tons of residential trash each day. Over 200 private carters collect an equivalent amount of commercial trash, covering the city through inefficient and overlapping routes. These private carters are frequently accused of abusive labor practices and are responsible for nearly all of garbage truck related injuries and fatalities. Once waste is collected, it’s taken to transfer stations, primarily in Brooklyn and the South Bronx. From there, huge quantities of money, energy, and infrastructure go toward transporting waste great distances.
In most areas of NYC, waste is not dealt with in the neighborhood that produces it. The city has made attempts to increase waste sorting at a local level, but initiatives like the 2013 Organics Pilot Program have been largely unsuccessful due to lack of participation and education. Our proposal seeks to localize NYC’s waste sorting, collection, and management. By changing the way NYC interacts with its waste, we hope to change the way that NYC thinks about its waste. We believe that a change in waste culture, and an ultimate waste reduction, will have repercussions throughout NYC’s built environment, changing streetscapes, greenspaces, and infrastructure.
In collaboration with Christine Pan.
Terrace Hinge Restorative Justice Center, New London, Connecticut
![1 Plan](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e54a4bcefbb68f0f9e08d1ba137714284fa1ecaff2cc30cccd7470d5f9895906/terracehinge_2a.jpg)
![5 Building Section](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/932a270ce5954520925460ca10a12867d9bb855e7c2c00574dd642afe9fd1318/terracehinge_10.jpg)
![6 Building Section](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bfa7d28c1998435b302a353c8d1e8b0b79529f567254b587f4d7c9a354b2e3bd/terracehinge_11.jpg)
![8 Lobby Atrium](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d0fa25dc8b111e1bfc7dacd0efd4dc5d8d42b6d13f3c8ee290af7c3adcf3fa08/terracehinge_14edit.jpg)
![9 Gallery Mezzanine](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/fe4aac156f7ae9de64b56103a44bdebb7d72b9c968e157d483c49ce29da814fa/terracehinge_15edit.jpg)
![10 View from West Entry](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a4df85ff4f16e329374fa27892f0213ff0a5dd72d707b236ddb2d31036b15c41/terracehinge_16edit.jpg)
![11 Restorative Justice Room, 9 AM Equinox](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b0930054fa29768f961c54b9c7c58717f0e9b9ac1fb858c5ba83781ee2a097e5/terracehinge_6edit.jpg)
![12 Restorative Justice Room, 12 PM Equinox](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0424ad8c38b852f2a8c4bb54b8ed0741c7b25c5f33045532b7459ffd38ce52d7/terracehinge_7edit.jpg)
![13 Restorative Justice Room, 12 PM December](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a35bb28a391653541084418933a4190974185db0cb480ddd5821de22ce0a297f/terracehinge_8edit.jpg)
![14 Restorative Justice Room 10 PM December](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ea5c04e485828bbc32cbd673dfa15809c40c813dd2d7e31216e90c1cd72cdeeb/terracehinge_9edit.jpg)
![15 Building Environmental Study](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/44bbbff04b7cbfd7937e73f114e1ad6683434197f046792549681fee1430b63a/terracehinge_17.jpg)
![16 Restorative Justice Room Environmental Study](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d3f18cc4ceed8348d1c0fff4bbf4597d97470748e2652a660afbc61406c64a1a/terracehinge_18.jpg)
As an alternative to the traditional court system, restorative justice mediates discussion circles between victims and perpetrators in order to address harms rather than assign blame. This project nests restorative justice within a community center, making a statement that this type of conflict resolution is a public amenity.
The building is organized around three different areas of the site—the bottom, the middle, and the top of the hill, with a distinct entry, outdoor space, and program in each area. The different areas address community in varying ways; from an open public courtyard that connects to an interior atrium, to the more protected circle rooms which connect to private gardens.
Indexing Water Resource Policy Retreat Center, Lhasa, Tibet
![1 Plan](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b307954b05a6241d55362938955ff16186a43a161bc53acd6fc360efa748e76b/presentform_1a.jpg)
![2 Site Section](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0a94451e668d68266739f384cbfd2ba2a09c7cf0816f34a81e627f31acf3e900/presentform_2a.jpg)
![3 Meeting Room Section](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/82f8e09f197cf9e06b00799af3278c8755809c107390e536221ef11c0a09dc2d/presentform_3.jpg)
![4 Hydroponic Greenhouse Section](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6e3008e23f2629e114fc2a0bdf40a3e4152d272234d73885ac6709c27c480a4e/presentform_4.jpg)
![5 Library Section](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/29d053c6b6490c0dbb3daa76233569e0ca45ce7e892af4706d94107a4ffd2e09/presentform_5.jpg)
![6 Entry Area under Meeting Room](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f75decd919b482bb32cac598df461b00e1186845361ae597ed6b9a08f141aa27/presentform_6.jpg)
![7 View of Greenhouse](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b70144d34fc6d12801daa8eb5091d134b400c39768a0a85573a07403cfcfd242/presentform_7.jpg)
![8 Unit Bedroom](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/556a0c1a810a16d6c4108d57c939a14bc8cf8c9914b210e22e262c65672975f0/presentform_8.jpg)
![9 Unit Bathroom](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1c9c56bea99f27ceb8ac98c4a6faed9b1fea671ce3e2326a3c0880ab13f643fb/presentform_10.jpg)
![10 Unit Bathroom](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/40351ccf02f4da5e9f3c18aa8c98c1116c3d51a083a535e2ff75d30da212b15f/presentform_9.jpg)
![11 View from Library to Meeting Room](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/61d6e2023955275e1e37a226bd7a1e49219a59af88493d69a9a751ecd1ccdd18/presentform_11.jpg)
![12 View from Courtyard to Lake Yamdrok](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e303d2aea4c2abcf99c6814f2d093898c6e2c0833187f6eabb0884bc3d811dc6/presentform_12.jpg)
![13 Site Axon](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c1fbffeaba32de34697b4f5fd43e4354512a0839bf5a5ed3932835224a97540a/presentform_13.jpg)
Future distribution of one-sixth of the world’s freshwater currently locked in Himalayan glaciers will inevitably be a primary focus of think tanks held at this Resource Policy Retreat Center. By conceptualizing freshwater as a hyperobject, a term coined by Timothy Morton and defined as something “massively distributed in space and time relative to humans” (Morton, 2013), we investigate the role that architecture plays in how thinkers engage with an entity that is beyond the scale and direct access of a group of twenty individuals. Does the presence and movement of the resource in question shape thought in new ways? Throughout the complex, water is active, breaking conventional functions of water and becoming “present at hand,” rather than a component of a scenic backdrop (Heidegger, 1927). The building’s machine-like aesthetic confronts false dichotomies of man and nature and positions human actions and systems as inseparable from surrounding ecosystems.
By aestheticizing the interactions between building and site, while utilizing the building as an index of freshwater ebb and flows, we argue that the idea that this site would otherwise be pristine or static “Nature” is false. Human presence on-site does not contaminate Nature, but it does shape new ecological interactions. The design pushes the experiential qualities of the building beyond visual perception and directly influence occupants by the climatic qualities of their contextual surroundings. By continuously changing the role of water, the architecture repositions the ways that visitors typically interact with water within a building, challenging scholars to think about the resource in new ways.
In collaboration with Brenna Thompson.
Periscope Microhouse Duplex, New Haven, CT
![1 Model Facade Study](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6e0760109cc316aff8923dfa4f69d102659a269504e4261be2e271f9b743ab22/periscope_1.jpg)
![2 Nested Family Unit and Single Unit](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/33f4ea13927e620473390a5d710658847809e27aa907c6f7059d5c46dc383831/periscope_2.jpg)
![3 Longitudinal Section](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5617bf68fca6aa8465fc9afdd53fb5b3bdec48642e5ccb878d76ce72df2dbae3/periscope_3.jpg)
![4 Plans Level 1-3](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/01d1352801b3c5a82fcd581f740bf7af22e93a800d7f83f02ac79f27ea905746/periscope_4.jpg)
![5 Model Interior](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c7da92a382b35fb53b1f5ffcd25e7381e59f873da4511ae6d23f158afe18752d/periscope_5.jpg)
![8 Model Interior](https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c36194eb698daf8e398fab8b6ec2bbc9b92ebc64a36a63f24659e22c247b3570/periscope_8.jpg)